Country, group of countries 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
volume change (on previous year, per cent) as % of GDP
Austria 3.2 1.6 0.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.7 -0.3 0.0 1.1 1.8 1.9 0.8 0.7 -7.6 4.8 4.9 -0.5 0.4 52.6
Belgium 2.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.5 3.8 0.6 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.4 -7.2 5.6 3.6 0.6 2.0 51.9
Bulgaria 9.0 7.7 5.7 6.5 9.5 7.3 8.5 11.5 3.5 -4.3 2.4 2.0 3.7 -3.9 1.5 2.8 2.1 2.5 3.7 6.0 -0.4 8.5 3.9 1.4 4.2 57.6
Cyprus 8.0 5.5 3.1 4.4 7.2 3.9 3.9 9.7 8.2 -6.5 4.9 -0.9 -2.8 -7.0 0.0 3.1 5.1 4.8 6.0 4.5 -6.1 4.7 9.8 5.9 3.8 58.9
Czechia 1.7 2.9 3.2 4.8 3.0 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.1 -0.6 1.8 0.6 -0.7 0.8 1.4 3.6 3.6 4.5 3.5 3.1 -6.4 4.2 0.5 -2.8 2.2 47.3
Denmark 0.4 0.5 1.5 1.3 4.8 3.9 2.8 1.9 0.2 -3.6 1.3 0.2 0.4 1.5 -0.2 2.0 3.3 2.7 3.8 1.8 -1.3 5.6 -2.2 -2.5 1.0 43.6
Estonia 7.0 6.9 9.7 9.7 8.1 9.7 12.9 8.4 -4.5 -13.9 -1.3 3.7 5.3 4.3 4.2 4.7 4.3 2.3 4.6 4.3 -0.8 7.1 2.9 -1.3 -0.3 53.4
Finland 2.1 2.7 2.5 4.1 3.8 3.2 3.9 3.5 2.0 -2.9 2.2 2.9 0.4 -0.5 0.5 1.4 1.8 0.4 1.1 0.4 -3.4 3.2 0.9 0.0 -0.4 51.2
France 3.9 2.6 2.2 1.6 1.9 2.5 2.8 2.8 0.5 0.3 2.0 0.8 -0.4 0.6 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.7 -6.5 5.3 3.3 0.7 1.1 54.6
Greece 0.4 5.4 5.9 3.7 4.2 3.5 1.8 4.7 3.7 -1.5 -7.4 -7.9 -9.4 -3.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 2.6 2.3 2.6 -6.2 5.1 8.6 1.8 2.1 68.9
Netherlands 3.7 2.1 1.2 -0.1 0.8 0.9 -0.2 1.8 0.8 -2.0 0.1 0.4 -0.8 -0.6 0.7 2.2 1.3 2.2 2.4 1.0 -6.1 4.5 6.9 0.7 1.1 43.5
Croatia 4.5 5.3 9.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 1.3 5.0 3.1 -8.9 -1.5 1.0 -2.4 -1.6 -2.5 0.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 4.1 -5.2 10.7 6.9 3.0 5.6 56.9
Ireland 10.4 4.7 3.6 2.8 3.8 7.0 6.4 6.7 0.2 -5.3 0.3 -1.3 -1.0 0.0 2.3 3.3 4.3 3.1 4.9 2.7 -10.3 8.9 10.8 4.2 2.3 28.5
Poland 3.0 2.0 3.7 1.5 4.0 1.6 4.9 5.2 7.0 3.0 3.9 2.8 0.8 -0.3 3.2 3.9 3.8 6.1 4.9 3.2 -3.2 6.2 5.2 -0.3 3.0 57.6
Latvia 2.2 5.2 6.9 7.9 10.4 11.5 19.9 11.8 -9.2 -19.0 3.8 0.6 5.9 6.7 0.9 1.8 3.9 2.8 3.6 -0.1 -4.8 8.1 5.1 -1.0 0.5 59.9
Lithuania 5.7 4.2 6.0 11.4 10.9 11.7 9.2 12.5 3.9 -17.4 -4.3 3.9 3.0 3.6 4.1 4.2 3.8 3.1 3.6 2.8 -3.2 8.1 2.0 -0.3 3.5 55.6
Luxembourg 5.1 3.3 5.2 2.4 1.2 -0.5 4.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.7 2.4 0.8 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.1 2.2 -7.7 11.4 6.6 2.0 1.3 32.3
Hungary 3.2 4.7 7.5 8.1 2.0 3.0 2.2 1.0 -1.3 -6.6 -1.5 0.6 -1.8 0.3 2.5 3.9 4.8 5.5 5.0 5.2 -0.7 5.1 6.9 -1.0 5.1 50.6
Malta .. 1.7 -1.6 5.8 2.1 3.4 2.9 2.8 1.3 -1.5 2.4 3.8 1.0 3.5 3.2 3.4 2.8 6.6 10.2 5.7 -10.8 11.7 11.0 11.9 6.5 46.8
Germany 2.2 1.0 -0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.4 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 1.2 1.1 0.1 1.0 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.7 -6.8 2.3 5.6 -0.4 0.2 52.7
Italy 2.7 0.7 0.0 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 -1.1 -1.5 1.0 0.2 -3.6 -2.3 0.3 1.8 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.0 -10.6 5.8 5.3 0.4 0.4 57.1
Portugal 3.7 0.9 1.3 -0.3 2.5 1.6 1.5 2.5 1.4 -2.4 2.3 -3.7 -5.4 -1.2 2.3 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.6 3.5 -6.8 4.9 5.6 1.9 3.2 61.3
Romania 1.5 8.3 7.1 8.4 15.8 11.2 10.2 13.8 8.7 -6.4 -5.0 4.5 1.9 -5.0 4.1 5.9 6.0 11.6 10.3 3.1 -3.8 7.0 5.1 3.0 6.0 63.5
Spain 4.4 3.9 3.1 2.4 4.1 4.2 4.1 3.5 -0.6 -3.5 0.5 -2.4 -3.3 -2.9 1.7 3.0 2.7 3.1 1.7 1.1 -12.1 7.1 4.8 1.8 2.9 55.9
Sweden 6.1 0.8 2.2 1.6 2.8 3.2 2.8 4.4 0.0 1.1 4.0 1.9 1.1 1.8 2.9 4.2 2.2 2.5 1.9 0.8 -3.0 5.7 2.8 -1.6 0.6 45.3
Slovakia 2.5 5.2 5.7 0.5 6.8 4.8 6.4 7.9 7.0 0.0 1.3 -1.7 0.6 -1.6 2.5 3.2 3.6 5.9 4.1 2.8 0.4 3.0 5.1 -3.1 2.9 58.8
Slovenia -0.7 2.3 2.0 3.8 2.8 2.1 1.4 6.8 2.7 2.1 1.0 0.5 -2.4 -3.8 1.1 2.4 4.1 2.5 3.4 5.5 -6.1 10.5 5.3 0.1 1.6 51.7
EUa 3.1 1.9 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.2 0.6 -1.0 1.0 0.3 -0.9 -0.6 1.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.5 -7.2 4.9 4.7 0.4 1.3 52.8
United Kingdom 4.7 3.2 2.7 3.4 2.8 2.8 0.7 3.2 -0.7 -2.9 2.2 -0.3 1.7 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.7 1.8 2.0 1.1 -13.1 7.2 7.4 0.7 .. ..
Norway 4.2 2.1 3.1 3.2 5.4 4.4 5.0 5.3 1.7 0.0 3.8 2.4 3.5 2.8 2.1 2.7 1.1 2.2 1.4 1.0 -6.2 5.1 7.8 -1.2 1.4 39.5
Russia 7.0 9.1 8.1 7.3 11.5 11.2 11.8 14.1 10.3 -5.2 5.4 7.1 7.5 5.0 -0.3 -7.6 -1.4 3.1 3.5 3.4 -3.9 9.2 -0.1 5.4 .. ..
Switzerland 2.3 2.4 0.4 0.5 1.9 1.3 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.4 2.2 2.3 1.0 2.5 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.2 -3.4 2.2 4.3 1.5 1.8 51.1
Serbia 7.6 4.2 9.1 2.6 12.7 2.4 10.4 8.1 3.9 -3.9 -0.6 0.2 -2.2 -1.8 -0.3 -0.4 1.9 2.1 2.8 3.7 -2.1 7.7 3.5 0.5 4.2 62.7
Türkiye 4.5 -6.7 4.0 8.1 9.6 6.3 3.7 5.3 0.3 -3.7 10.8 12.2 3.1 7.5 3.1 5.3 3.8 5.9 0.7 1.5 3.2 15.4 18.9 13.6 3.7 59.4
Israel 8.6 4.1 1.5 0.3 5.0 3.4 5.1 7.6 2.1 1.0 4.7 4.2 2.6 3.0 3.7 3.6 6.2 3.6 3.5 4.0 -7.4 11.4 7.6 -1.2 3.7 48.8
Japan 1.5 2.1 1.3 0.6 1.3 1.5 0.9 0.8 -1.1 -0.9 2.3 -0.5 2.0 2.6 -0.9 -0.2 -0.4 1.1 0.2 -0.6 -4.4 0.7 2.1 0.8 .. ..
China 10.9 7.0 9.1 6.4 7.7 10.2 8.4 11.8 8.0 10.2 9.2 11.9 8.6 7.1 8.3 7.6 8.5 7.3 7.8 6.4 -0.3 9.0 2.3 8.0 .. ..
Republic of Korea
9.3b
 5.8 9.1 -0.2 0.6 4.7 5.0 5.4 1.7 0.2 4.5 3.1 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.3 2.4 -4.6 3.7 4.2 1.8 .. ..
South Africa 4.1 3.5 3.2 2.8 6.2 6.1 8.8 6.5 1.2 -2.6 5.7 4.1 3.2 1.6 0.7 2.2 0.7 1.7 3.2 1.3 -6.1 6.0 2.6 0.2 1.0 64.6
United States 5.0 2.5 2.5 3.2 3.8 3.5 2.9 2.4 0.2 -1.3 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.7 2.8 3.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.1 -2.5 8.8 3.0 2.5 .. ..
Canada 4.1 2.4 4.0 2.7 3.1 3.9 4.2 4.4 3.0 0.1 3.6 2.3 1.9 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.1 3.7 2.6 1.6 -6.3 5.8 5.5 1.9 2.4 55.4
Mexico 8.7 2.8 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.1 4.5 1.2 1.0 -7.1 4.6 4.7 2.2 2.6 2.0 2.7 1.9 1.7 1.5 0.9 -9.8 8.4 4.8 4.2 .. ..
Australia 3.3 3.0 4.3 5.3 4.5 3.3 5.3 4.8 0.3 3.5 4.1 2.9 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.8 1.7 -3.3 0.9 4.3 6.3 1.1 .. ..
New Zealand 1.4 2.7 5.0 6.2 5.3 4.6 2.9 3.8 -0.8 1.5 2.2 3.2 2.3 3.8 3.3 4.2 6.4 4.8 4.6 2.4 0.1 6.3 3.4 1.0 .. ..

Footnotes

*Including non-profit institutions serving households. Download date: 8 July 2025.
aThe EU designation means for EU27_2020.
bEstimated figure.
Source: Eurostat (Luxemburg); UN database.

Explanation of symbols

..
Datum not available.
__, |
Break in series (limited comparability).
0
Less than half of unit.
blue number
Preliminary datum.
green number
Revised datum.
.